Thursday 20 October 2016

CHAPTER-13 COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

What is computer?
A computer program is a series of instructions that directs a computer to perform tasks. Created by a programmer using a programming language.

Machine language is the first generation of programming languages. Only language the computer directly recognizes.

Assembly language is the second generation of programming languages.

Programmer writes instructions using  symbolic instruction codes.

A source program contains the code to be converted to machine language.

In a procedural language, the programmer writes instructions that tell the computer what to accomplish and how to do it.

The C programming language is used to write many of today’s programs.

COBOL (COmmon Business-Oriented Language) is designed for business applications, but easy to read because of the English-like statements

An object-oriented programming (OOP) language allows programmers the ability to reuse and modify existing objects. For example – java


The Microsoft .NET Framework allows almost any type of program to run on the Internet or an internal business network, as well as computers and mobile devices.


      C++ is an extension of the C programming language
      C# is based on C++ and was developed by Microsoft
      F# combines the benefits of an object-oriented language with those of a functional language.


Visual Programming Language :-

In computing, a visual programming language (VPL) is any programming language that lets users create programs by manipulating program elements graphically rather than by specifying them textually. A VPL allows programming with visual expressions, spatial arrangements of text and graphic symbols, used either as elements of syntax or secondary notation. For example, many VPLs (known as dataflow or diagrammatic programming) are based on the idea of "boxes and arrows", where boxes or other screen objects are treated as entities, connected by arrows, lines or arcs which represent relations.


PowerBuilder is a powerful program development RAD tool.Best suited for Web-based, .NET, and large-scale enterprise object-oriented applications.


An application generator is a program that creates source code or machine code from a specification of the required functionality.


A macro is a series of statements that instructs an application how to complete a task. You usually create the macro in one of two ways:
      Record the macro with a macro recorder
      Write the macro


HTML is a special formatting language that programmers use to format documents for display on the Web.


XHTML is a markup language that allows Web sites to be displayed more easily on mobile devices.


XML allows Web developers to create customized tags and use predefined tags to display content appropriately on various devices. Two applications of XML are RSS 2.0 and ATOM.


WML is a subset of XML and is used to design pages for micro browsers.


Web 2.0 allows Web sites to provide a means for users to :-
          Share personal information
• Have application software built into the site
• Allow user to modify Web site content

Web page authoring software can create sophisticated Web pages that include images, video, audio, animation, and other effects. For example- Flash, Dream weaver, Expression web


To initiate program development, programmer :-
      Reviews the requirements      Meets with the systems analyst and users      Identifies input, processing, and output 

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